3rd Edition of the CECRI Conference on Strategic Studies
The Centre d'étude des crises et des conflits internationaux (CECRI) and the Institut de sciences politiques Louvain-Europe (ISPOLE) of UCLouvain are organising the third edition of the CECRI Conference on Strategic Studies.
Event Overview
Belgium’s international presence is multifaceted, ranging from its dense diplomatic network to active participation in multilateral defense operations and humanitarian engagement. Through this external presence, Belgium not only exports expertise but also projects influence and identity. This conference examines the multiple dimensions of Belgium’s external projection and the ways domestic practices and values shape its international role. Through panels and roundtables, it addresses four key dimensions: one year of defence policy under the “Arizona” government, Belgian humanitarian action, the international representation of federated entities, and the promotion of gender equality, which is both as a foreign policy priority and as an internal administrative practice. Together, these perspectives highlight how Belgium's domestic values and governance models are translated into external action, shaping its international image and influence. In other words, this conference aims to shed light on the question: “How does Belgium reconcile its internal challenges with its international commitments, and what does ‘Belgium Abroad’ ultimately reveal about Belgium itself?”
Panel Overviews
Panel 1 “Defence” – Belgium's Defense Policy Under the Arizona Government: One Year On.
In January 2025, the newly formed “Arizona” government presented its coalition agreement, emphasising Belgium's ambition to “reestablish itself as a model ally to safeguard its international position” (Federal Coalition Agreement, 2025, p. 184). The year 2025 proved pivotal for Belgian defence policy, marked by significant developments, including the revision of defence spending objectives, the NATO Hague Summit, the delivery of the first MQ-9B SkyGuardian, and the Court of Audit's critical report on the budgeting of the CaMo program. As the Arizona government completes its first year in office, this panel seeks to assess the orientations and implications of its defence policy under Minister Theo Francken. Particular attention will be given to the coherence between declared ambitions and implemented measures, as well as the government's position within NATO.
Roundtable 1 – The Role of Humanitarian Aid in Belgium's International Engagement
While humanitarian crises remain a pressing reality worldwide, the recent drop in American aid has placed additional pressure on the international response system. Belgium has also experienced concrete effects, exemplified by the risk of destroying large quantities of contraceptive and HIV treatment supplies originally designated for USAID, despite diplomatic efforts to prevent such losses. At the same time, the Belgian government has reduced its own humanitarian budget, further limiting the resources available to address urgent needs. This roundtable will examine the current state of Belgian humanitarian aid, exploring how different national actors coordinate their responses to urgent needs while working within resource constraints. Bringing together academic experts and field practitioners, the discussion will reflect on current obstacles as well as future strategies to strengthen its humanitarian response.
Panel 2 “Foreign Affairs” – Foreign Representation in a Federal State: Balancing Federal and Federated Voices
Since 1993, Belgium has become a federal state in which the regions are compelled by the constitution to manage their own external relations. This development has brought about several challenges, such as the difficulty of speaking with a single voice, the risk of abstention that comes with it, the greater need for internal coordination, and the limited resources of the federated entities to effectively represent themselves internationally. At the same time, it has also generated advantages, including the diversification of the issues addressed and the expansion of privileged relations shaped by cultural proximity. Above all, the regionalisation of foreign policy competences has highlighted a clear decentralisation of the decision-making process. This panel seeks to delve into these Belgian specificities to better understand the state of Belgium's nation-building, which has always evolved in close connection with its external environment.
Roundtable 2 – Implementing Gender Norms in Practice: Belgian Diplomacy and Defence under Scrutiny
Belgium places women's rights and empowerment at the core of its foreign policies. While the country ranked an honourable fifth among European states in the 2024 European Gender Equality Index, important gaps remain, particularly in the employment sector. This round table brings together practitioners and researchers to discuss how these values are implemented internally within Belgian diplomatic administrations and the defence sector. To what extent are the principles promoted externally also applied within these institutions themselves? What challenges and opportunities exist in bridging external commitments with internal practices? Participants will reflect on tools, policies, and everyday practices that can foster greater equality, and explore what lessons Belgium's experience offers for building more inclusive diplomacy and defence.
Program Structure
The conference will be held over two half-days, combining thematic panels with cross-cutting roundtables. The morning session will open with a panel on Belgian defence policy (Panel 1), featuring contributions from both researchers and practitioners, and will be followed by a roundtable (Roundtable 1) on humanitarian aid, examining its intersections with defence and foreign affairs. In the afternoon, a second panel will focus on foreign affairs (Panel 2), with particular attention to the relationship between Belgium's federated entities and federal authorities. The day will conclude with a roundtable (Roundtable 2) on gender in defence and foreign affairs, fostering debate on how the gender values promoted by Belgium internationally are translated into practice within its administration. Speakers include researchers, practitioners, and field experts. Each panel will also incorporate a public Q&A session.
Programme